Context selection based on user eye focus

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, computer system, and a computer program product for automatically presenting enhanced content on a mobile device based on user focus. The present invention may include presenting content on a screen. The present invention may include determining that a user is focused on a specific screen region of the presented content. The present invention may include generating a zoomed view of the presented content based on the specific screen region the user is focused on. The present invention may include presenting the zoomed view on the screen. The present invention may include determining that the user reacted positively to the zoomed view. The present invention may include, in response to determining that the user reacted positively, determining enhanced content based on zoomed content displayed in the zoomed view. The present invention may include presenting the enhanced content on the screen.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates generally to the field of computing, andmore particularly to user interfaces.

To make devices mobile, screens on mobile devices are designed to besmall and may not be able to display as much content as larger screens.Thus, some web sites and applications for mobile devices have lesscontent to present a simplified version suited for smaller screens.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, computer system,and a computer program product for automatically presenting enhancedcontent on a mobile device based on user focus. The present inventionmay include presenting content on a screen. The present invention mayalso include determining that a user is focused on a specific screenregion of the presented content. The present invention may then includegenerating a zoomed view of the presented content based on the specificscreen region the user is focused on. The present invention may furtherinclude presenting the zoomed view on the screen. The present inventionmay also include determining that the user reacted positively to thezoomed view. The present invention may then include, in response todetermining that the user reacted positively to the zoomed view,determining enhanced content based on zoomed content displayed in thezoomed view. The present invention may further include presenting theenhanced content on the screen.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other objects, features and advantages of the presentinvention will become apparent from the following detailed descriptionof illustrative embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connectionwith the accompanying drawings. The various features of the drawings arenot to scale as the illustrations are for clarity in facilitating oneskilled in the art in understanding the invention in conjunction withthe detailed description. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates a networked computer environment according to atleast one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a system block diagram of a mobile device according to atleast one embodiment;

FIG. 3 is an operational flowchart illustrating a process forfocus-based context selection according to at least one embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of internal and external components ofcomputers and servers depicted in FIG. 1 according to at least oneembodiment;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an illustrative cloud computing environmentincluding the computer system depicted in FIG. 1, in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of functional layers of the illustrative cloudcomputing environment of FIG. 5, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Detailed embodiments of the claimed structures and methods are disclosedherein; however, it can be understood that the disclosed embodiments aremerely illustrative of the claimed structures and methods that may beembodied in various forms. This invention may, however, be embodied inmany different forms and should not be construed as limited to theexemplary embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these exemplaryembodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough andcomplete and will fully convey the scope of this invention to thoseskilled in the art. In the description, details of well-known featuresand techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring thepresented embodiments.

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product at any possible technical detail level of integration.The computer program product may include a computer readable storagemedium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereonfor causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, oreither source code or object code written in any combination of one ormore programming languages, including an object oriented programminglanguage such as Smalltalk, C++, or the like, and procedural programminglanguages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programminglanguages. The computer readable program instructions may executeentirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as astand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partlyon a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. Inthe latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user'scomputer through any type of network, including a local area network(LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to anexternal computer (for example, through the Internet using an InternetService Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including,for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gatearrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute thecomputer readable program instructions by utilizing state information ofthe computer readable program instructions to personalize the electroniccircuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computerimplemented process, such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of theorder noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

The following described exemplary embodiments provide a system, methodand program product for automatically presenting enhanced content basedon user eye focus. As such, the present embodiment has the capacity toimprove the technical field of user interfaces by tracking the eyes of auser to locate content displayed on a mobile device screen thatinterests the user and retrieve and display enhanced content or richcontent based on the identified content of interest. More specifically,a focal point on the mobile device screen is identified and the regionat the point the user is focused on is progressively zoomed in.Continued user focus results in retrieving additional content related tothe content of interest that the user is focusing on and displaying thatadditional content on the mobile device screen.

As described previously, to make devices mobile, screens on mobiledevices are designed to be small and may not be able to display orpresent as much content as larger screens. Thus, some web sites andapplications for mobile devices have less content to present asimplified version suited for smaller screens. For example, small devicescreens are used in mobile phones and smaller screens are used inwearable devices, such as smartwatches. Content displayed on thesesmaller screens may be simplified to prevent overcrowding the screen andto limit data plan usage. Often, the simplified content may not provideenough information that the user is looking for, or by providingadditional information the user's experience may be enhanced. In someinstances, the user may not be able to interact with the screen or theuser may have difficulty interacting with the screen due to the smallscreen size.

Therefore, it may be advantageous to, among other things, provide a wayto transition from a simplified content display to an enhanced contentdisplay based on detecting the user's interest from tracking the eyes ofthe user.

According to at least one embodiment, the mobile device of the userdetects that the user is focused on something displayed on the mobiledevice screen. According to at least one other embodiment, detectingthat the user is squinting at the screen may be used as a trigger tostart the process. The system then identifies the potential visual focusregion on the screen. If the user, for example, continues to check tothe same webpage and focuses on the same area of that webpage, thesystem may increase a confidence factor that the region is somethingthat the user is interest in.

User eye focus may be verified by gradually zooming in to the focusregion on the display. If the system detects that the user reactsnegatively, such as looking away from the screen or region, the screenmay be reset to the original state of the screen before any zoomingoccurred. However, if the user's eyes are still focused on the originalfocus region, then the system may know that the system is likely focusedon the correct area that interests the user. The system may then repeatthe process to progressively zoom in further. Throughout this process,the system may build a focus threshold.

As the focus is being confirmed, tags and other cues from the focus areamay be used to derive the context of the focus area. Using knownmethods, the tags and other cues may be identified and retrieved for aparticular displayed region on the device screen. For example, thesystem may determine the user focus area is labelled “Sports—Score.”Then the system may determine that the format is a box score, andthereafter the system may determine that the sport is baseball.Furthermore, the system may determine that the participants are team Xand team Y. The system may then scan the area for any predefined UniformResource Locator (URL) links. If the system locates a URL that takes theuser to a page that may be focused on the content in the region ofinterest, then the device may save that URL as the target for a contextswitch.

Additionally, if no URL is found, the system may generate one based onthe tags collected while establishing the content of interest. Thecurrent webpage's domain may be searched for a webpage containingrelated content. If the system has not found a suitable webpage withinthe domain, then the system may look outside that domain and generate alink to enhanced content. For example, if the user is currently gazingat a news website's baseball box scores, the system may search the newswebsite's domain first. If no suitable sites are found, then a websitefor the appropriate baseball organization may be analyzed.

Once a focus threshold has been reached, a context switch may occur.Reaching the focus threshold may operate similar to the user clicking ortapping on the screen, only the user's eyes and facial reactions areused instead of a mouse click or finger tap. If the system detects thatthe user reacted negatively to the context switch, the display may bereverted back to the initial normal view state. Additionally, the systemmay also be event triggered. If a significant event occurs, such as achange in a score of a baseball game, and the system determines that theuser's focus changed in reaction to the event, then the system may beginto determine the content of interest again based on the user's reaction.

Referring to FIG. 1, an exemplary networked computer environment 100 inaccordance with one embodiment is depicted. The networked computerenvironment 100 may include a computer 102 with a processor 104 and adata storage device 106 that is enabled to run a software program 108and an instance of the context selection program 110 a that may interactwith a database 114 a. The networked computer environment 100 may alsoinclude a server 112 that is enabled to run another instance of thecontext selection program 110 b that may interact with a database 114 band a communication network 116. The networked computer environment 100may include a plurality of computers 102 and servers 112, only one ofwhich is shown. The communication network 116 may include various typesof communication networks, such as a wide area network (WAN), local areanetwork (LAN), a telecommunication network, a wireless network, a publicswitched network and/or a satellite network. It should be appreciatedthat FIG. 1 provides only an illustration of one implementation and doesnot imply any limitations with regard to the environments in whichdifferent embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to thedepicted environments may be made based on design and implementationrequirements.

The client computer 102 may communicate with the server computer 112 viathe communications network 116. The communications network 116 mayinclude connections, such as wire, wireless communication links, orfiber optic cables. As will be discussed with reference to FIG. 4,server computer 112 may include internal components 902 a and externalcomponents 904 a, respectively, and client computer 102 may includeinternal components 902 b and external components 904 b, respectively.Server computer 112 may also operate in a cloud computing service model,such as Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), orInfrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Server 112 may also be located in acloud computing deployment model, such as a private cloud, communitycloud, public cloud, or hybrid cloud. Client computer 102 may be, forexample, a mobile device, a telephone, a personal digital assistant, anetbook, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, orany type of computing devices capable of running a program, accessing anetwork, and accessing a local database 114 a or a remote database 114b. According to various implementations of the present embodiment, thecontext selection program 110 a, 110 b may interact with a database 114a and 114 b that may be embedded in various storage devices, such as,but not limited to a computer/mobile device 102, a networked server 112,or a cloud storage service.

According to the present embodiment, a user using a client computer 102or a server computer 112 may use the context selection program 110 a,110 b (respectively) to determine content of interest to a user based onthe user's gaze, retrieve enhanced content based on the content ofinterest, and then display the enhanced content on a mobile devicescreen. The context selection method is explained in more detail belowwith respect to FIGS. 2 and 3.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a system block diagram of a mobile device 200according to at least one embodiment is depicted. The mobile device 200may be a client computer 102 running a central system entity 202 such asthe context selection program 110 a and 110 b. The central system entity202 may interface with a content analysis and searching engine 204, aneye tracking interface 206, a facial tracking interface 208, an outputdisplay engine 210, and a content generation engine 212.

The central system entity 202 may use the eye tracking interface 206 andthe facial tracking interface 208 to determine where a user is lookingon the mobile device 200 screen and the user's reaction to what isdisplayed on the mobile device 200 screen. Eye tracking and facialtracking may be implemented using known methods and accessed by thecentral system entity 202 on the mobile device 200 via the eye trackinginterface 206 and the facial tracking interface 208.

The content analysis and searching engine 204 may be used by the centralsystem entity 202 to analyze content within a particular regiondisplayed within the mobile device 200 screen and search for morecontent, for example using the communication network 116 to searchinternet sources, based on the analyzed content. As describedpreviously, the central system entity 202 may determine tags or othercues relating to the content a user is focusing on using the contentanalysis and searching engine 204. Furthermore, the content analysis andsearching engine 204 may search based on the analyzed tags and cues tofind additional content, such as by searching through a website's domainor using existing URLs. The content generation engine may be used by thecentral system entity 202 to generate a new content rich page based onthe analyzed and searched content found by the content analysis andsearching engine 204. The central system entity 202 may then use theoutput display engine 210 to display additional content generated by thecontent generation engine 212.

Referring now to FIG. 3, an operational flowchart illustrating theexemplary focus-based context selection process 300 used by the contextselection program 110 a and 110 b according to at least one embodimentis depicted.

At 302, the mobile device 200 displays content on screen normally. Thescreen of the mobile device 200 may display a webpage, a mobileapplication, or other content as the content normally would appearonscreen. For example, if a user is viewing a website on theirsmartwatch, the website may detect that the user is viewing the websitefrom a mobile device 200 and transmit a simplified version of thewebsite made for a smaller mobile device 200 screen.

Next, at 304, the context selection program 110 a and 110 b determinesif the user is focused on a particular screen region. Using knownmethods for tracking user focus, the mobile device 200 may determine ifthe user is focusing on a screen region. According to at least oneimplementation, known eye tracking methods may be used in conjunctionwith a front-facing camera to determine where a user is looking relativeto the mobile device 200 screen. Based on the known user focus trackingmethod used, a specific screen region that the user is focusing on maybe identified. Using the eye tracking interface 206 and the facialtracking interface 208, the context selection program 110 a and 110 bmay determine if the user is consistently looking at, or focused on, aspecific screen region. The context selection program 110 a and 110 bmay, for example, determine if the user is consistently looking at aspecific screen region if the user is looking at the screenuninterrupted for a predefined amount of time, or if within apredetermined time window, the user exceeds a threshold amount of timelooking at the specific screen region. For example, a user looking at asmartwatch screen will be detected by a front-facing camera within thesmartwatch and the user's eyes will be tracked. The context selectionprogram 110 a and 110 b will then determine that the user is looking atthe screen and additionally determine that the user is looking at thetop right region of the screen using the eye tracking interface 206. Ifthe context selection program 110 a and 110 b determined that the useris not focused on a particular screen region, then the context selectionprogram 110 a and 110 b returns to 302 and continues to display contentnormally.

However, if the context selection program 110 a and 110 b determinedthat the user is focused on a particular screen region at 304, then thecontext selection program 110 a and 110 b determines if the user isfocused on a derivable content region at 306. Using known methods forparsing content, the content displayed in the screen region that theuser is looking at may be parsed to determine if the user is looking atderivable content by searching for tags and other content cues. Thecontext selection program 110 a and 110 b may parse the content andidentify tags and other content cues that may be stored in a datarepository, such as a database 114 a and 114 b. Derivable content mayinclude displayed content that has additional content available. Forexample, derivable content may include sports scores or news headlines,whereas non-derivable content may include blank space, a clock, ornumbers on a calendar. If the context selection program 110 a and 110 bdetermined that the that the user is not focused on a derivable contentregion at 306, then the context selection program 110 a and 110 breturns to 302 and continues to display content normally.

If the context selection program 110 a and 110 b determined that theuser is focused on a derivable content region at 306, then an enhancedzoom of the region the user is focused on is displayed at 308. Thecontext selection program 110 a and 110 b (i.e., central system entity202) may use the output display engine 210 to generate a zoomed view ofthe content within the region the user is focused on. Different zoomfactors may be used based on implementation or user preferences.Additionally, the content cues stored previously at 306, may be filteredor refined to match the current zoomed display region, thus removingcontent cues that may not be related to the current zoomed displayregion. For example, if the user is focused on the top right screenregion, the screen will be redrawn to display the top right screenregion larger and centered while other content, such as content locatedat the bottom left of the original screen displayed to the user, will beremoved.

Then, at 310, the context selection program 110 a and 110 b determinesif the user reacted positively to the enhanced zoom displayed at 308.User reaction may be determined by tracking the eyes of the user, thefacial expression of the user, or by other known methods. Using the eyetracking interface 206 and the facial tracking interface 208, thecontext selection program 110 a and 110 b may determine if the userlooks away from the screen, thereby indicating a negative reaction, orif the user continues to focus on the screen, thereby indicating apositive reaction. If the context selection program 110 a and 110 bdetermined that the user did not react positively to the enhanced zoomdisplay, then the context selection program 110 a and 110 b returns to302 to display content normally (i.e., before the zoomed version of thecontent was displayed).

However, if the context selection program 110 a and 110 b determinedthat the user did react positively to the enhanced zoom display at 310,then the context selection program 110 a and 110 b determines if apositive reaction threshold has been reached at 312. The positivereaction threshold may indicate how many times the display hasprogressively zoomed with a positive reaction from the user. Thepositive reaction threshold may be a predetermined value, such as aninteger, or the specific content being displayed may have a limitregarding how much zooming may occur before further zooming may nolonger be beneficial. For example, a page of baseball box scores mayzoom until only one box score remains visible, at which point furtherzooming may not be useful, thus the positive reaction threshold willhave been reached. According to another example, if the positivereaction threshold is five, and the display has progressively zoomed inon a screen region three times, the positive reaction threshold has notbeen reached. If the context selection program 110 a and 110 bdetermined that the positive reaction threshold has not been reached,then the display will be progressively zoomed in further at the regionthe user is focused on by returning to 308.

If the context selection program 110 a and 110 b determined that thepositive reaction threshold has been reached at 312, then the contextselection program 110 a and 110 b will determine if a content richversion of the displayed screen region is available at 314. The contextselection program 110 a and 110 b may use the content analysis andsearching engine 204 to determine if a content rich version of thedisplayed screen region exists by using the stored content cues thatwere filtered previously as the screen was zoomed and by scanning thecurrently displayed content. If the content analysis and searchingengine 204 can locate a URL that contains more in-depth informationrelated to the content the user is focused on, then that URL may besaved (e.g., in a database 114 a) for later use. For example, if thezoomed region of the screen contains a baseball game box score, thecontent analysis and searching engine 204 may scan the box score regionof the website that the user is looking at and determine that there is aURL link to a website with more detailed real-time statistics of thebaseball game within the stored content cues. Thereafter, the contextselection program 110 a and 110 b may save the URL address to thewebsite with detailed baseball game information contained in the link.

If the context selection program 110 a and 110 b determined that acontent rich version of the displayed screen region is not available at314, then the context selection program 110 a and 110 b will determineif a content rich version of the screen region can be derived at 316.Based on the tags and cues identified previously at 306, the contextselection program 110 a and 110 b may determine if a content richversion of the displayed content may be derived. The context selectionprogram 110 a and 110 b may use the content analysis and searchingengine 204 to handle analyzing the displayed content region and searchfor richer content. The website domain for the displayed website may besearched for a webpage of related content. If no suitable webpage isfound within the website domain, websites outside the website domain maybe searched. For example, if the user is currently gazing at a newswebsite's baseball box scores, the system may search the news website'sdomain first. If no suitable sites are found, then a website for theappropriate baseball organization may be analyzed. Additionally, if nosingle webpage has suitable content, multiple sources may be identifiedthat collectively contain sufficient rich content. If the contextselection program 110 a and 110 b determined that a content rich versionof the screen region cannot be derived, then the context selectionprogram 110 a and 110 b returns to 302 to display content normally(i.e., before the zoomed version of the content was displayed).

However, if the context selection program 110 a and 110 b determinedthat a content rich version of the screen region can be derived at 316,then the content rich material is derived at 318. As describedpreviously at 316, rich content may be derived from a single website ormultiple websites. For a single content website, the website URL addressmay be used to derive or generate the content. In situations whenmultiple content websites are used collectively to provide sufficientcontent, each website may be analyzed, relevant constituent content maybe identified, and the identified constituent content may be combinedand used to derive a content rich version of the displayed content. Thecontent generation engine 212 may be used to derive a content richversion of the displayed content from multiple websites. For example, ifthe displayed content deals with a news story occurring in a foreigncountry, some content about the foreign country mentioned in the newsstory may be located on one website. Another website may containadditional content about the parties involved in the news story. Therelevant content from both websites may then be combined by the contentgeneration engine 212 to form a content rich version of the displayedcontent that may be presented similar to a webpage.

If the context selection program 110 a and 110 b determined that acontent rich version of the displayed screen region is available at 314,or content rich material was derived at 318, then the content richmaterial is displayed at 320. The content rich material may be displayedby using the output display engine 210 to handle a context switch fromdisplaying the zoomed view to displaying the content rich material. Foran existing content rich website, the website found at the previouslysaved URL address may be displayed to the user. For content richmaterial that was derived from multiple websites, the derived contentrich webpage may be displayed to the user. For example, if the zoomed inregion displayed a baseball box score, a context switch would occur,replacing the box score with a content rich webpage with more detailedstatistics of the baseball game associated with the box score.Additionally, the content rich material may be cached for laterretrieval in the event of a false negative reaction due to, for example,the user being interrupted by someone or an event around the user thattakes the user's focus away from the screen.

Then, at 322, the context selection program 110 a and 110 b determinesif the user reacts negatively to the displayed content rich material. Asdescribed previously at 310, the reaction of the user may be determinedusing known methods. If the user reacts negatively to the displayedcontent rich material, then the context selection program 110 a and 110b returns to 302 to display content normally (i.e., before the zoomedversion of the content was displayed).

However, if the context selection program 110 a and 110 b determinedthat the user reacted positively to the displayed content rich materialat 322, then the content rich material is displayed until the usercancels the view at 324. The rich content displayed at 320 is left onscreen if the user reacts positively and may continue to be displayeduntil the user cancels the view. For example, the user may cancel theview by swiping, looking away for a predetermined amount of time, ortapping a button.

It may be appreciated that FIGS. 2 and 3 provide only an illustration ofone embodiment and do not imply any limitations with regard to howdifferent embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to thedepicted embodiment(s) may be made based on design and implementationrequirements. For example, the content rich material displayed at 320may be cached for quick retrieval later. Then, if a false negativereaction is determined at 322, the context selection program 110 a and110 b may search for cached content rich material at 308 thatcorresponds to the region that the user is focusing on and then returnto 320 to display the cached content rich material again, foregoing theintervening steps.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram 900 of internal and external components ofcomputers depicted in FIG. 1 in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment of the present invention. It should be appreciated that FIG.4 provides only an illustration of one implementation and does not implyany limitations with regard to the environments in which differentembodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depictedenvironments may be made based on design and implementationrequirements.

Data processing system 902, 904 is representative of any electronicdevice capable of executing machine-readable program instructions. Dataprocessing system 902, 904 may be representative of a smart phone, acomputer system, PDA, or other electronic devices. Examples of computingsystems, environments, and/or configurations that may represented bydata processing system 902, 904 include, but are not limited to,personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thickclients, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems,microprocessor-based systems, network PCs, minicomputer systems, anddistributed cloud computing environments that include any of the abovesystems or devices.

User client computer 102 and network server 112 may include respectivesets of internal components 902 a, b and external components 904 a, billustrated in FIG. 4. Each of the sets of internal components 902 a, bincludes one or more processors 906, one or more computer-readable RAMs908, and one or more computer-readable ROMs 910 on one or more buses912, and one or more operating systems 914 and one or morecomputer-readable tangible storage devices 916. The one or moreoperating systems 914, the software program 108, and the contextselection program 110 a in client computer 102, and the contextselection program 110 b in network server 112, may be stored on one ormore computer-readable tangible storage devices 916 for execution by oneor more processors 906 via one or more RAMs 908 (which typically includecache memory). In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, each of thecomputer-readable tangible storage devices 916 is a magnetic diskstorage device of an internal hard drive. Alternatively, each of thecomputer-readable tangible storage devices 916 is a semiconductorstorage device such as ROM 910, EPROM, flash memory or any othercomputer-readable tangible storage device that can store a computerprogram and digital information.

Each set of internal components 902 a, b also includes a R/W drive orinterface 918 to read from and write to one or more portablecomputer-readable tangible storage devices 920 such as a CD-ROM, DVD,memory stick, magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk orsemiconductor storage device. A software program, such as the softwareprogram 108 and the context selection program 110 a and 110 b can bestored on one or more of the respective portable computer-readabletangible storage devices 920, read via the respective R/W drive orinterface 918, and loaded into the respective hard drive 916.

Each set of internal components 902 a, b may also include networkadapters (or switch port cards) or interfaces 922 such as a TCP/IPadapter cards, wireless wi-fi interface cards, or 3G or 4G wirelessinterface cards, or other wired or wireless communication links. Thesoftware program 108 and the context selection program 110 a in clientcomputer 102 and the context selection program 110 b in network servercomputer 112 can be downloaded from an external computer (e.g., server)via a network (for example, the Internet, a local area network or other,wide area network) and respective network adapters or interfaces 922.From the network adapters (or switch port adaptors) or interfaces 922,the software program 108 and the context selection program 110 a inclient computer 102 and the context selection program 110 b in networkserver computer 112 are loaded into the respective hard drive 916. Thenetwork may comprise copper wires, optical fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers.

Each of the sets of external components 904 a, b can include a computerdisplay monitor 924, a keyboard 926, and a computer mouse 928. Externalcomponents 904 a, b can also include touch screens, virtual keyboards,touch pads, pointing devices, and other human interface devices. Each ofthe sets of internal components 902 a, b also includes device drivers930 to interface to computer display monitor 924, keyboard 926, andcomputer mouse 928. The device drivers 930, R/W drive or interface 918,and network adapter or interface 922 comprise hardware and software(stored in storage device 916 and/or ROM 910).

It is understood in advance that although this disclosure includes adetailed description on cloud computing, implementation of the teachingsrecited herein are not limited to a cloud computing environment. Rather,embodiments of the present invention are capable of being implemented inconjunction with any other type of computing environment now known orlater developed.

Cloud computing is a model of service delivery for enabling convenient,on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computingresources (e.g. networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing,memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and services) that canbe rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort orinteraction with a provider of the service. This cloud model may includeat least five characteristics, at least three service models, and atleast four deployment models.

Characteristics are as follows:

On-demand self-service: a cloud consumer can unilaterally provisioncomputing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, asneeded automatically without requiring human interaction with theservice's provider.

Broad network access: capabilities are available over a network andaccessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneousthin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).

Resource pooling: the provider's computing resources are pooled to servemultiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physicaland virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according todemand. There is a sense of location independence in that the consumergenerally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of theprovided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher levelof abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter).

Rapid elasticity: capabilities can be rapidly and elasticallyprovisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out andrapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilitiesavailable for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can bepurchased in any quantity at any time.

Measured service: cloud systems automatically control and optimizeresource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level ofabstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage,processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can bemonitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both theprovider and consumer of the utilized service.

Service Models are as follows:

Software as a Service (SaaS): the capability provided to the consumer isto use the provider's applications running on a cloud infrastructure.The applications are accessible from various client devices through athin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based e-mail).The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloudinfrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage,or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exceptionof limited user-specific application configuration settings.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): the capability provided to the consumer isto deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquiredapplications created using programming languages and tools supported bythe provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlyingcloud infrastructure including networks, servers, operating systems, orstorage, but has control over the deployed applications and possiblyapplication hosting environment configurations.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the capability provided to theconsumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and otherfundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy andrun arbitrary software, which can include operating systems andapplications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlyingcloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage,deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networkingcomponents (e.g., host firewalls).

Deployment Models are as follows:

Private cloud: the cloud infrastructure is operated solely for anorganization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party andmay exist on-premises or off-premises.

Community cloud: the cloud infrastructure is shared by severalorganizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns(e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and complianceconsiderations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third partyand may exist on-premises or off-premises.

Public cloud: the cloud infrastructure is made available to the generalpublic or a large industry group and is owned by an organization sellingcloud services.

Hybrid cloud: the cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or moreclouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities butare bound together by standardized or proprietary technology thatenables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting forload-balancing between clouds).

A cloud computing environment is service oriented with a focus onstatelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability.At the heart of cloud computing is an infrastructure comprising anetwork of interconnected nodes.

Referring now to FIG. 5, illustrative cloud computing environment 1000is depicted. As shown, cloud computing environment 1000 comprises one ormore cloud computing nodes 100 with which local computing devices usedby cloud consumers, such as, for example, personal digital assistant(PDA) or cellular telephone 1000A, desktop computer 1000B, laptopcomputer 1000C, and/or automobile computer system 1000N may communicate.Nodes 100 may communicate with one another. They may be grouped (notshown) physically or virtually, in one or more networks, such asPrivate, Community, Public, or Hybrid clouds as described hereinabove,or a combination thereof. This allows cloud computing environment 1000to offer infrastructure, platforms and/or software as services for whicha cloud consumer does not need to maintain resources on a localcomputing device. It is understood that the types of computing devices1000A-N shown in FIG. 5 are intended to be illustrative only and thatcomputing nodes 100 and cloud computing environment 1000 can communicatewith any type of computerized device over any type of network and/ornetwork addressable connection (e.g., using a web browser).

Referring now to FIG. 6, a set of functional abstraction layers 1100provided by cloud computing environment 1000 is shown. It should beunderstood in advance that the components, layers, and functions shownin FIG. 6 are intended to be illustrative only and embodiments of theinvention are not limited thereto. As depicted, the following layers andcorresponding functions are provided:

Hardware and software layer 1102 includes hardware and softwarecomponents. Examples of hardware components include: mainframes 1104;RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture based servers 1106;servers 1108; blade servers 1110; storage devices 1112; and networks andnetworking components 1114. In some embodiments, software componentsinclude network application server software 1116 and database software1118.

Virtualization layer 1120 provides an abstraction layer from which thefollowing examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers1122; virtual storage 1124; virtual networks 1126, including virtualprivate networks; virtual applications and operating systems 1128; andvirtual clients 1130.

In one example, management layer 1132 may provide the functionsdescribed below. Resource provisioning 1134 provides dynamic procurementof computing resources and other resources that are utilized to performtasks within the cloud computing environment. Metering and Pricing 1136provide cost tracking as resources are utilized within the cloudcomputing environment, and billing or invoicing for consumption of theseresources. In one example, these resources may comprise applicationsoftware licenses. Security provides identity verification for cloudconsumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources.User portal 1138 provides access to the cloud computing environment forconsumers and system administrators. Service level management 1140provides cloud computing resource allocation and management such thatrequired service levels are met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planningand fulfillment 1142 provide pre-arrangement for, and procurement of,cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is anticipatedin accordance with an SLA.

Workloads layer 1144 provides examples of functionality for which thecloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads andfunctions which may be provided from this layer include: mapping andnavigation 1146; software development and lifecycle management 1148;virtual classroom education delivery 1150; data analytics processing1152; transaction processing 1154; and focus-based context selection1156. A context selection program 110 a, 110 b provides a way todetermine content of interest to a user based on the user's gaze,retrieve enhanced content based on the content of interest, and thendisplay the enhanced content on a mobile device screen.

The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present inventionhave been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intendedto be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Manymodifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skillin the art without departing from the scope of the describedembodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain theprinciples of the embodiments, the practical application or technicalimprovement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodimentsdisclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for automatically presenting enhancedcontent on a mobile device based on user focus, the method comprising:presenting content on a screen in an initial view; determining that auser is focused on a specific screen region of the presented content;generating a zoomed view of the presented content based on the specificscreen region the user is focused on; presenting the zoomed view on thescreen; determining a user reaction in response to the presented zoomedview, wherein the determined user reaction is either a positive reactionor a negative reaction, and wherein the negative reaction is determinedbased on tracking a facial expression of the user; in response todetermining that the user reaction is the negative reaction, presentingthe initial view on the screen; in response to determining that the userreaction is the positive reaction, determining the enhanced contentbased on zoomed content displayed in the zoomed view; and presenting theenhanced content on the screen, based on the determining the enhancedcontent.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: in response todetermining that the user reacted positively to the zoomed view,generating a second zoomed view; presenting the second zoomed view onthe screen; determining that the user reacted positively to the secondzoomed view; and determining that a positive reaction threshold is met.3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the enhanced content basedon the zoomed content displayed in the zoomed view comprises searchingfor at least one website having additional relevant content associatedwith the zoomed content.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determiningthe enhanced content based on the zoomed content displayed in the zoomedview further comprises determining that the enhanced content isderivable, and wherein the enhanced content is derived by combiningconstituent content from a plurality of content websites.
 5. The methodof claim 1, wherein determining that the user reaction is the positivereaction comprises tracking an eye of the user and determining that thetracked eye of the user is focused on the screen.
 6. The method of claim1, wherein determining that the user is focused on the specific screenregion of the presented content comprises tracking an eye of the userand determining that the tracked eye of the user is focused on a screenregion within a plurality of screen regions associated with the screen.7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the enhanced content basedon the zoomed content displayed in the zoomed view comprises scanningthe zoomed content for content cues.
 8. A computer system forautomatically presenting enhanced content on a mobile device based onuser focus, comprising: one or more processors, one or morecomputer-readable memories, one or more computer-readable tangiblestorage medium, and program instructions stored on at least one of theone or more computer-readable tangible storage medium for execution byat least one of the one or more processors via at least one of the oneor more computer-readable memories, wherein the computer system iscapable of performing a method comprising: presenting content on ascreen in an initial view; determining that a user is focused on aspecific screen region of the presented content; generating a zoomedview of the presented content based on the specific screen region theuser is focused on; presenting the zoomed view on the screen;determining a user reaction in response to the presented zoomed view,wherein the determined user reaction is either a positive reaction or anegative reaction, and wherein the negative reaction is determined basedon tracking a facial expression of the user; in response to determiningthat the user reaction is the negative reaction, presenting the initialview on the screen; in response to determining that the user reaction isthe positive reaction, determining the enhanced content based on zoomedcontent displayed in the zoomed view; and presenting the enhancedcontent on the screen, based on the determining the enhanced content. 9.The computer system of claim 8, further comprising: in response todetermining that the user reacted positively to the zoomed view,generating a second zoomed view; presenting the second zoomed view onthe screen; determining that the user reacted positively to the secondzoomed view; and determining that a positive reaction threshold is met.10. The computer system of claim 8, wherein determining the enhancedcontent based on the zoomed content displayed in the zoomed viewcomprises searching for at least one website having additional relevantcontent associated with the zoomed content.
 11. The computer system ofclaim 8, wherein determining the enhanced content based on the zoomedcontent displayed in the zoomed view further comprises determining thatthe enhanced content is derivable, and wherein the enhanced content isderived by combining constituent content from a plurality of contentwebsites.
 12. The computer system of claim 8, wherein determining thatthe user reaction is the positive reaction comprises tracking an eye ofthe user and determining that the tracked eye of the user is focused onthe screen.
 13. The computer system of claim 8, wherein determining thatthe user is focused on the specific screen region of the presentedcontent comprises tracking an eye of the user and determining that thetracked eye of the user is focused on a screen region within a pluralityof screen regions associated with the screen.
 14. The computer system ofclaim 8, wherein determining the enhanced content based on the zoomedcontent displayed in the zoomed view comprises scanning the zoomedcontent for content cues.
 15. A computer program product forautomatically presenting enhanced content on a mobile device based onuser focus, comprising: one or more computer-readable storage medium andprogram instructions stored on at least one of the one or morecomputer-readable storage medium, the program instructions executable bya processor, the program instructions comprising: program instructionsto present content on a screen in an initial view; program instructionsto determine that a user is focused on a specific screen region of thepresented content; program instructions to generate a zoomed view of thepresented content based on the specific screen region the user isfocused on; program instructions to present the zoomed view on thescreen; program instructions to determine a user reaction in response tothe presented zoomed view, wherein the determined user reaction iseither a positive reaction or a negative reaction, and wherein thenegative reaction is determined based on tracking a facial expression ofthe user; in response to determining that the user reaction is thenegative reaction, program instructions to present the initial view onthe screen; in response to determining that the user reaction is thepositive reaction, program instructions to determine the enhancedcontent based on zoomed content displayed in the zoomed view; andprogram instructions to present the enhanced content on the screen,based on the determining the enhanced content.
 16. The computer programproduct of claim 15, further comprising: in response to determining thatthe user reacted positively to the zoomed view, program instructions togenerate a second zoomed view; program instructions to present thesecond zoomed view on the screen; program instructions to determine thatthe user reacted positively to the second zoomed view; and programinstructions to determine that a positive reaction threshold is met. 17.The computer program product of claim 15, wherein determining theenhanced content based on the zoomed content displayed in the zoomedview comprises searching for at least one website having additionalrelevant content associated with the zoomed content.
 18. The computerprogram product of claim 15, wherein determining the enhanced contentbased on the zoomed content displayed in the zoomed view furthercomprises determining that the enhanced content is derivable, andwherein the enhanced content is derived by combining constituent contentfrom a plurality of content websites.
 19. The computer program productof claim 15, wherein determining that the user reaction is the positivereaction comprises tracking an eye of the user and determining that thetracked eye of the user is focused on the screen.
 20. The computerprogram product of claim 15, wherein determining that the user isfocused on the specific screen region of the presented content comprisestracking an eye of the user and determining that the tracked eye of theuser is focused on a screen region within a plurality of screen regionsassociated with the screen.